Science Fair Projects: How to Sail a Small Boat From Europe to the Caribbean

Make your imaginary dream come true with a trans-Atlantic sailing trip to the Caribbean Sea.

The best place to depart from Europe to get ready to cross the Atlantic is Gibraltar..When you entered the Mediterranean Sea you had to convert your boat from United States outfitting to suit the very different needs of the Med. For one, the 120 volt electrical system compatible with all U.S. ports just won't work in the Med. Virtually every country has different sized electrical plugs and a 220 volt electrical system is necessary. You had to install a transformer to handle this difference when you arrived into the Med, but now you have to convert back to the 120 volt U.S. electrical standards. Another major difference is that propane is not available in the Med and your system had to be converted to use Butane. Now that you are leaving the Med, you have to convert back to propane. And mooring stern-to, which is the rule in most Mediterranean ports, will be different in the U.S. where boats almost never moor stern-to. This will require changing your boarding equipment and lines.

You will also swap your Med charts for Caribbean charts. The boats coming into the Med will want your Med charts and pilot guides, and you will want their Caribbean material.

Now that you have your boat ready and provisioned, you have to be careful about when you depart. If you go too early you will have to deal with the hurricane season and if you go too late you will have the winter storms in the Atlantic and will not have favorable winds for sailing across. Columbus had it right when he decided which route to follow and what time of the year to leave. In those days, sailing vessels could not go to windward as they can today. Columbus had to have the wind aft to push his square rigged vessels across the Atlantic. The trade winds are a thing of beauty but they are not fully developed until December and leaving from the Canary Islands is the best choice for a 3000 to 4000 mile sail to the Caribbean.

You leave Gibraltar in late November for a six day sail to Las Palmas in Gran Canaria Island. It is a great port for supplies and you will meet over 100 other boats getting ready to make the crossing. You could also cross from the Cape Verdes which are 900 miles south of the Canaries. I do not recommend this route which is only 2000 miles across, 1000 miles shorter than the crossing from the Canaries. However you have to sail that extra 900 miles south to get there, so you are not really saving anything. And provisioning in the Cape Verdes is non existent. Forget about it!.

Las Palmas is a wonderful city to provision, make friends with an international group of other trans Atlantic crossers, as well as super for restaurants, sight seeing, casinos, old Spanish architecture and wonderful weather. Columbus knew what he was doing.

If you have the time and the inclination, you could detour from Gibraltar to Madeira on the way to the Canaries and spend a little time sipping that wonderful wine. Your choice of islands in the Caribbean for your destination could include St. Lucia, Antigua, Grenada, or even the Virgin Islands. It all depends on where you want to go and what you want to do when you arrive in the Caribbean. If you want to go to Venezuela, you might opt to cross to Grenada which is a short hop to South America. If you want to go the States, you might choose the Virgin Islands which are about 400 miles closer to the U.S. than Grenada.

The winds crossing will be dead aft, so you will need special rigging for down wind sailing including whisker poles, a good self steering system and a lot of patience. Have patience for your science fair project as well.

Whisker poles are necessary because sailboats do not sail too well when the wind is dead aft. They usually have to veer or tack about 30 or 40 degrees off course in order to get any speed and stability. To assist in this down wind maneuver, whisper poles go out from the mast to the left (port) and right (starboard) sides of the boat to keep the sails out. When the winds are light and the ocean roll normally makes the sails flop back and forth and lose their wind, reducing the speed of the boat, the whisper poles will help to keep the sails out to catch the wind, stay on course, and go faster. A manual wind vane is a must for steering.

With proper rigging and equipment you can cross the Atlantic with less than a gallon of fuel. Just enough to get out of one harbor and into another about a month later. Make a display for science fair showing all of what you have learned here and much more that you can find with your own research.

The above is just a little of what you need to know to make an Atlantic crossing. The author of this article has sailed for 40 years, has lived full time for ten years as a cruising yachtsman, and has made Atlantic crossings.

My 10 Favorite Science Trends for a High Performance 2011

With all the noise and competition in the marketplace today, it makes sense to look outside conventional areas for a competitive advantage. I've always said the biggest competitive advantage is right under your own hat: developing your mind. Here are ten proven areas of science that can give businesses and high performance individuals a huge edge for 2011.

1. Resilience. Do you ever wonder why some individuals can breeze through hardships and come out stronger on the other side while others languish, move into a depression, and take years to recover? Science has been studying this field of resilience, and now it can be taught just like math. If you're one of the ones who takes a while to recover from setbacks, you will greatly benefit from learning resilience. Best applications: sales people dealing with rejection, negotiators, real estate professionals, emergency scene workers.
2. Deliberate Practice. To get from good to great, high performers apply deliberate practice, a form of expert performance that refines and perfects their craft. Best applications: surgeons, actors, entertainers, pilots, speakers, and trainers.
3. Neuroplasticity. The discovery of the decade is that our brains are constantly learning and growing new brain cells every day of our lives until the moment we die. Best applications: teachers, tax accountants, medical professionals, and IT engineers.
4. Mindfulness. Thanks to Ellen Langer's research, we have a partial glimpse into how incredibly powerful mindfulness is. Her research has shown the exact steps it takes to reverse the effects of aging, including reversing eyesight losses and physical strength. Hollywood is so impressed they are making a movie about her life and Jennifer Aniston will star as Dr. Langer. Best applications: health care professionals especially those in long-term care facilities such as nursing homes, home health care workers, and retirement communities.
5. Positive Psychology. Thanks to books such as Tony Hsieh's Delivering Happiness, CEOs are finally getting an understanding of how happiness can significantly improve the workplace. Even my nonprofit, the American Happiness Association, has made the PBS and Fox news this year. The key is not just staying happy, but being able to manage your positive and negative emotions for high performance results. Best applications: dealing with difficult employees, bullying, large corporations where employee satisfaction and customer service are the focal points and the senior management wants to reap the benefits of a positive workplace.
6. Nature vs. Nurture. Science is crystal clear about how nurture can override nature much more than we previously realized. With all the talk about cracking the DNA genetic code, we are now finding out that RNA can express almost any old way it wants with a little help from the environment. Best applications: architects, landscape designers, interior decorators, furniture designers, relationship therapists, life coaches, nutritionists, and fitness coaches.
7. Multi-tasking. A very cool new study found that only 3 percent of the population can multi-task well. The rest of us are actually costing ourselves time and accuracy every single day when we multi-task. Interestingly, some corporations are pushing multi-tasking. One that hired me recently had me tone down my chapter showing how bad multi-tasking really is for performance because their top management promoted it. We need to get real about what multi-tasking is costing us. Best applications: Any worker who is frequently distracted can benefit from this science.
8. Insight. We now know how to create the ideal conditions to help employees generate more "aha moments." Best applications: R&D, marketing, artists, writers, anyone who needs to be creative and innovative.
9. Focused Attention. Science has made significant breakthroughs in helping us understand exactly how we can focus our minds so that our attention spans can be lengthened. A nice side effect is that when we strengthen this part of our brain, we expand our consciousness, allowing us to tap more into the wisdom of our subconscious. Best applications: surgeon, pilot, IT engineer, gamer, police.
10. Decision-making. There continues to be new insights into how we make decisions, not to mention Daniel Kahnemann and Amos Tversky's Nobel prize-winning research in the area of heuristics. Here we can learn where our decision-making blind spots reside and train ourselves to see them. Best applications: negotiators, deal makers, stock brokers, merger and acquisitions consultants, and senior management.

Although the decade of the brain is long gone (1990s), breakthroughs in research discoveries continue every day. It's a very cool time to be alive, especially if you learn how to harness the power of these scientific discoveries. It's never too late to get a fresh start for the new year of 2011.